HSE Sounds Alarm: COSHH Breaches on the Rise in UK Food Industry

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has issued a renewed call for vigilance within the UK's food manufacturing and processing sectors, following a discernible upward trend in reported Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) breaches. This development underscores the persistent challenges faced by businesses in managing the risks associated with hazardous chemicals, despite well-established regulations.

Data from the HSE indicates a marginal but consistent increase in enforcement actions related to COSHH in the food sector over the past two years. While specific figures for the most recent reporting period are still being compiled, anecdotal evidence from inspectors suggests that issues range from inadequate risk assessments and insufficient control measures to a lack of proper training and personal protective equipment (PPE) provision.

A spokesperson for the HSE commented, "The food industry, by its very nature, relies heavily on a variety of chemicals for cleaning, sanitisation, pest control, and processing. While these substances are essential for maintaining hygiene and product quality, their improper handling poses significant risks to worker health. We are seeing a worrying pattern of non-compliance that demands immediate attention from employers."

Understanding the COSHH Regulations and Their Importance

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended) place a legal duty on employers to protect their employees and others from the risks of hazardous substances. This includes substances used directly in work, generated by work, and naturally occurring substances. In the food sector, this can encompass a wide array of materials:

  • Cleaning chemicals: Caustics, acids, disinfectants, sanitisers.
  • Flavourings and additives: Some of which can be respiratory sensitisers or irritants.
  • Fumigants and pesticides: Used for pest control in storage and processing areas.
  • Dusts: From flour, spices, and other dry ingredients, which can cause respiratory issues or explosions.
  • Refrigerants: Used in cooling systems.

Failure to comply with COSHH regulations can lead to a range of health effects for workers, including dermatitis, asthma, other respiratory diseases, and even certain cancers. Beyond the human cost, businesses face substantial fines, reputational damage, and potential operational shutdowns. In 2022/23, the HSE reported 29,000 new cases of breathing or lung problems caused or made worse by work in Great Britain, with a significant proportion linked to exposure to hazardous substances.

Key Areas of Concern and Recommended Actions

HSE inspectors have identified several recurring deficiencies in COSHH management within the food sector:

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  1. Inadequate Risk Assessments: Many businesses are failing to conduct thorough risk assessments that accurately identify all hazardous substances, assess the level of risk, and determine appropriate control measures. Generic assessments are often insufficient for the specific complexities of food production environments.
  2. Poor Ventilation: Insufficient local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems or their improper maintenance are common issues, leading to the build-up of airborne contaminants.
  3. Lack of Training: Employees handling hazardous substances often lack comprehensive training on their risks, safe handling procedures, emergency protocols, and the correct use of PPE.
  4. Incorrect PPE Use and Maintenance: While PPE is often provided, its correct selection, fit, maintenance, and consistent use remain problematic.
  5. Storage and Segregation Issues: Hazardous chemicals are sometimes stored improperly, leading to risks of spills, leaks, or dangerous reactions due to incompatible substances being stored together.

To address these concerns, the HSE strongly advises food businesses to:

  • Review and Update Risk Assessments: Regularly assess all hazardous substances, considering their properties, quantities, and how they are used.
  • Implement Control Measures: Prioritise elimination or substitution of hazardous substances where possible. If not, implement engineering controls (e.g., LEV, enclosed systems), administrative controls (e.g., safe work procedures), and only then rely on PPE as a last resort.
  • Provide Comprehensive Training: Ensure all employees who may come into contact with hazardous substances receive regular and relevant training.
  • Monitor and Maintain Equipment: Regularly inspect and maintain control measures, especially LEV systems and PPE.
  • Ensure Proper Storage: Adhere to manufacturer guidelines and COSHH principles for the safe storage and segregation of chemicals.
  • Health Surveillance: Where appropriate, implement health surveillance programmes for employees exposed to certain hazardous substances, particularly sensitisers.

The Broader Impact: Food Safety and Worker Wellbeing

The link between COSHH compliance and broader food safety standards is also critical. Proper handling and storage of cleaning chemicals, for instance, are paramount to preventing contamination of food products. A robust health and safety culture, driven by strict adherence to COSHH regulations, inherently contributes to a safer working environment and ultimately, safer food for consumers.

The HSE reiterates that proactive management of COSHH risks is not merely a legal obligation but a fundamental aspect of responsible business practice. Employers are encouraged to utilise the wealth of guidance available on the HSE website to ensure their practices meet regulatory standards and safeguard their workforce.

For businesses seeking to enhance their understanding and compliance with COSHH regulations, comprehensive training courses are invaluable. Abertay Training offers a range of accredited health and safety courses, including specialised COSHH training, designed to equip individuals and organisations with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage hazardous substances effectively. More information can be found at https://www.abertaytraining.co.uk.